| Abstract | Stuck cases in multi-disciplinary Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services occur when
families attend for help but something in the helping process becomes a problem in itself,
to the detriment of the child and the distress of parents and professionals alike. This
research reviews the psychoanalytic literature in relation to stuckness and impasse and then
samples the systemic literature, drawing comparison between them both. The literature
review reveals that the study of stuckness has lead to theoretical and technical
developments in both fields. The thesis goes into detail to consider the appropriate
methodology for studying stuck cases in a way that is robust and allows for the interviewer
to use their psychoanalytic training in a reflexive way as a strength in the process and details
the reasons for choosing constructivist grounded theory. The research itself is based on
twelve intensive interviews with CAMHS staff from a range of disciplines in the Greater
Glasgow and Clyde area. The research aimed to interview families too and there is a
detailed discussion of ethical reasons which meant this was not viable in this study. The
interviews with clinicians highlighted the close links between stuck cases and trauma,
addiction, parental mental health problems, and psychological maltreatment of the child.
The analysis of the interviews demonstrated that in every case there was a great deal of
unconscious or unprocessed communication from the family that impacted on the progress
of the treatment. Further study of the nature of the cases allowed for warning signs to be
identified that can be used to alert clinicians that they should proceed cautiously. The
warning signs are Taboo Subjects, Life and Death Anxieties, Blinding Trauma, Career
Shaking Experiences, Compelled Care, The Insult, and a Crisis of Confidence in relation to
child protection. Following on from the warning signs the research suggests that stuck
situations can be conceptualized as a series of traps which follow a particular pattern.
Some of these traps are possible because the clinicians want to maintain a view of
themselves as helpful and benevolent, making experiences where they are dismissed or seen
as malevolent particularly difficult to reflect upon. The benevolence traps are Hero to
Zero, Zero, and Pandora’ box where the clinician’s curiosity and linking the child’s
problems to other family factors is seen as catastrophic. Other traps are described as
professional traps as they involve services, teams or belief systems and these include
Evidence Based Traps, Logic Traps, Professional Isolation, and the Parent Trap. The final
trap is described as a Loyalty Trap and explores the anxious nature of the relationships in
the families of stuck cases and how the child may be put in a cruel position of having to
choose between the clinician’s view of the problem and the family’s view of the problem.
Although the family view may be causing and prolonging the distress of the child, it is
argued that the child will invariably choose the family view. This is conceptualized as
Loyalty to the Toxic Breast. The research ends by recommending developments in
CAMHS and across agencies in relation to training, support, team work, supervision,
consultation and the management of psychological maltreatment of children in stuck cases. |
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