Physiological factors associated with low bone mineral density in female endurance runners

This paper details research taken to explore potential factors that could be associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) in female endurance runners. Fifty two female endurance runners (1,500 m to marathon), aged 18-44 years, took part. Body fat percentage, lumbar spine BMD, and femoral neck BMD were measured using the Hologic QDR 4,500w bone densitometer. Data on training, menstrual cycle status, osteoporosis, and health related factors were obtained by questionnaire. Dietary variables were assessed from a prospective seven day dietary record of macronutrients and micronutrients. The results suggest a negative association between endurance running distance and lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, with a positive association between body mass and femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD. However, longitudinal studies are required to assess directly the effect of endurance running and body mass on BMD, and to see if the addition of alternative exercise that would increase lean body mass would have a positive effect on BMD and therefore help to prevent osteoporosis.

Citation:
Burrows, M. et al (2003) ‘Physiological factors associated with low bone mineral density in female endurance runners' British Journal of Sports Medicine, February 37(1) 67–71.