Factors influencing nursing mothers’ exclusive breastfeeding practices and their effects on infants aged zero to six months in Nigeria: A review of current evidence

Objectives
This systematic review aimed to investigate the various factors contributing to the practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) among nursing mothers in Nigeria and its potential effects on infants aged 0–6 months.

Methods
A literature review was conducted using reputable electronic databases, including PubMed, African Journals Online, Science Direct, Scopus, Research Gate, and Google Scholar. The search was limited to studies published between January 2013 and August 2023.

Results
Eleven studies were analyzed, and their outcomes are presented in this review. The results suggest significant diversity in the maternal understanding of EBF. While certain mothers exhibit a commendable comprehension of the significance and advantages of breastfeeding, others require greater awareness or hold misconceptions regarding this practice. The lack of comprehensive data on the effects of EBF on maternal practices poses a challenge to mothers when making informed choices about infant feeding. Behaviors related to breastfeeding are notably influenced by sociocultural factors, wherein specific communities adhere to cultural standards that support the early introduction of supplementary food.

Conclusions
The implications of adhering to EBF practices are significant for both maternal and infant well-being. The findings of this review have led to several recommendations to enhance the promotion of EBF practices in Nigeria. These include bolstering breastfeeding education and awareness, implementing workplace policies that support breastfeeding, addressing sociocultural barriers through community-based interventions, enhancing healthcare support, and conducting ongoing research and monitoring efforts.