Comparative study on the construction cost including carbon emission cost for masonry walls

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions resulting from construction are one of the main factors causing global warming. It is therefore necessary to make efforts to reduce CO₂ emissions in the construction industry. Although some researchers have studied CO₂ emissions in the industry, there has been a lack of study on the cost of CO₂ emissions. Therefore, this study examines and compares the construction costs, including the cost of CO₂ emissions, of masonry wall types – including common brick, concrete brick, and fired brick walls. The study found that CO₂ emission cost was the highest for brick walls, followed by concrete brick walls. The findings provide information that can be used in engineering methods to determine the cost of CO₂ emissions.