Bridging the Gap Between Informal Learning Pedagogy and Multimodal Learning Analytics

Multimodal Learning is happening in different contexts, where different technologies are utilized. In such contexts, different modalities are used by learners in very unstructured ways. These modalities include video, audio, motion, eye tracking, to mention but a few. However, effective applications of Multimodal Learning Analytics remain challenging. Enabling educational technologies are underpinned by various pedagogical models that are designed to provide educational values of technology. Nevertheless, the link between Multimodal Learning Analytics and informal learning pedagogy is not very well established in the literature. Hence, this chapter aims at bridging the gap between multimodal learning analytics research concepts and approaches from one side and key informal learning pedagogical approaches such as self-directed learning and learning theories such as behaviorism and cognitivism from the other side. Establishing this link is expected to pave the ground for insightful and pedagogically informed learning analytics across multiple contexts. In addition, further explanations on what Multimodal learning analytics techniques and challenges are discussed to highlight the key concerns of MMLA applications.