The TOR Signaling Pathway in Spatial and Temporal Control of Cell Size and Growth

Article

Gonzalez, Suam and Rallis, C. 2017. The TOR Signaling Pathway in Spatial and Temporal Control of Cell Size and Growth. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2017.00061
AuthorsGonzalez, Suam and Rallis, C.
Abstract

Cell size is amenable by genetic and environmental factors. The highly conserved nutrient-responsive Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway regulates cellular metabolic status and growth in response to numerous inputs. Timing and duration of TOR pathway activity is pivotal for both cell mass built up as well as cell cycle progression and is controlled and fine-tuned by the abundance and quality of nutrients, hormonal signals, growth factors, stress, and oxygen. TOR kinases function within two functionally and structurally discrete multiprotein complexes, TORC1 and TORC2, that are implicated in temporal and spatial control of cell size and growth respectively; however, recent data indicate that such functional distinctions are much more complex. Here, we briefly review roles of the two complexes in cellular growth and cytoarchitecture in various experimental model systems.

JournalFrontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Journal citation5
ISSN2296-634X
Year2017
PublisherFrontiers Media
Publisher's version
License
CC BY
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2017.00061
Web address (URL)https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2017.00061
Publication dates
Print07 Jun 2017
Publication process dates
Deposited08 Jun 2017
Accepted27 May 2017
FunderUniversity of East London (UEL)
University of East London (UEL)
University of East London
University of East London
Copyright information© 2017 Gonzalez and Rallis. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Permalink -

https://repository.uel.ac.uk/item/84v61

Log in to edit

Download files

Publisher's version
FrontiersRallis.pdf
License: CC BY

  • 183
    total views
  • 207
    total downloads
  • 0
    views this month
  • 2
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Increased fidelity of protein synthesis extends lifespan
Martinez-Miguel, V. E., Lujan, C., Espie-Caullet, T., Martinez-Martinez, D., Moore, S., Backes, C., Gonzalez, S., Galimov, E. R., Brown, A. E. X., Halic, M., Tomita, K., Rallis, C., von der Haar, T., Cabreiro, F. and Bjedov, I. 2021. Increased fidelity of protein synthesis extends lifespan. Cell Metabolism. 33 (11), pp. 2288-2300.e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.017
Crosstalk between the mTOR and DNA Damage Response Pathways in Fission Yeast
Alao, J-P., Legon, L. and Rallis, C. 2021. Crosstalk between the mTOR and DNA Damage Response Pathways in Fission Yeast. Cells. 10 (Art. 305). https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10020305
The GATA transcription factor Gaf1 represses tRNA genes, inhibits growth, and extends chronological lifespan downstream of fission yeast TORC1
Rodríguez-López, M., Gonzalez, S., Hillson, O., Tunnacliffe, E., Codlin, S., Tallada, V. A., Bähler, J. and Rallis, C. The GATA transcription factor Gaf1 represses tRNA genes, inhibits growth, and extends chronological lifespan downstream of fission yeast TORC1. https://doi.org/10.1101/700286
Prospects of Pharmacological Interventions to Organismal Aging
Hillson, Olivia, Gonzalez, Suam and Rallis, C. 2018. Prospects of Pharmacological Interventions to Organismal Aging. Biomolecular Concepts. 9 (1), pp. 200-215. https://doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2018-0018
An essential role for dNTP homeostasis following CDK-induced replication stress
Pai, Chen-Chun, Hsu, Kuo-Feng, Durley, Samuel C., Keszthelyi, Andrea, Kearsey, Stephen E., Rallis, C., Folkes, Lisa K., Deegan, Rachel, Wilkins, Sarah E., Pfister, Sophia X., De Leόn, Nagore, Schofield, Christopher J., Bähler, Jürg, Carr, Antony M. and Humphrey, Timothy C. 2019. An essential role for dNTP homeostasis following CDK-induced replication stress. Journal of Cell Science. 132 (6), p. jcs226969. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.226969
Uncovering Natural Longevity Alleles from Intercrossed Pools of Aging Fission Yeast Cells
Ellis, David A., Mustonen, Ville, Rodríguez-López, María, Rallis, C., Malecki, Michał, Jeffares, Daniel C. and Bähler, Jürg 2018. Uncovering Natural Longevity Alleles from Intercrossed Pools of Aging Fission Yeast Cells. Genetics. 210 (2), pp. 733-744. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.118.301262
Tbx5 is required for forelimb bud formation and continued outgrowth
Rallis, C. 2003. Tbx5 is required for forelimb bud formation and continued outgrowth. Development. 130 (12), pp. 2741-2751. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.00473
Tbx3 can alter limb position along the rostrocaudal axis of the developing embryo
Rallis, C. 2005. Tbx3 can alter limb position along the rostrocaudal axis of the developing embryo. Development. 132 (8), pp. 1961-1970. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.01787
Integrin-Linked Kinase Is a Functional Mn2+-Dependent Protein Kinase that Regulates Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK-3β) Phosphorylation
Wölfl, Stefan, Maydan, Mykola, McDonald, Paul C., Sanghera, Jasbinder, Yan, Jun, Rallis, C., Pinchin, Sheena, Hannigan, Gregory E., Foster, Leonard J., Ish-Horowicz, David, Walsh, Michael P. and Dedhar, Shoukat 2010. Integrin-Linked Kinase Is a Functional Mn2+-Dependent Protein Kinase that Regulates Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK-3β) Phosphorylation. PLoS ONE. 5 (8), p. e12356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012356
Cell-autonomous integrin control of Wnt and Notch signalling during somitogenesis
Rallis, C., Pinchin, S. M. and Ish-Horowicz, D. 2010. Cell-autonomous integrin control of Wnt and Notch signalling during somitogenesis. Development. 137 (21), pp. 3591-3601. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.050070
Predicting the Fission Yeast Protein Interaction Network
Pancaldi, Vera, Saraç, Ömer S., Rallis, C., McLean, Janel R., Převorovský, Martin, Gould, Kathleen, Beyer, Andreas and Bähler, Jürg 2012. Predicting the Fission Yeast Protein Interaction Network. G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics. 2 (4), pp. 453-467. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.111.001560
TORC1 signaling inhibition by rapamycin and caffeine affect lifespan, global gene expression, and cell proliferation of fission yeast
Rallis, C., Codlin, Sandra and Bähler, Jürg 2013. TORC1 signaling inhibition by rapamycin and caffeine affect lifespan, global gene expression, and cell proliferation of fission yeast. Aging Cell. 12 (4), pp. 563-573. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12080
Inhibition of TORC1 signaling and increased lifespan: gained in translation?
Rallis, C. and Bähler, Jürg 2013. Inhibition of TORC1 signaling and increased lifespan: gained in translation? Aging. 5 (5), pp. 335-336. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100560
Systematic screen for mutants resistant to TORC1 inhibition in fission yeast reveals genes involved in cellular ageing and growth
Rallis, C., Lopez-Maury, L., Georgescu, T., Pancaldi, V. and Bahler, J. 2014. Systematic screen for mutants resistant to TORC1 inhibition in fission yeast reveals genes involved in cellular ageing and growth. Biology Open. 3 (2), pp. 161-171. https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.20147245
LaSSO, a strategy for genome-wide mapping of intronic lariats and branch points using RNA-seq
Bitton, D. A., Rallis, C., Jeffares, D. C., Smith, G. C., Chen, Y. Y. C., Codlin, S., Marguerat, S. and Bahler, J. 2014. LaSSO, a strategy for genome-wide mapping of intronic lariats and branch points using RNA-seq. Genome Research. 24 (7), pp. 1169-1179. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.166819.113
Lithium suppresses Aβ pathology by inhibiting translation in an adult Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease
Sofola-Adesakin, Oyinkan, Castillo-Quan, Jorge I., Rallis, C., Tain, Luke S., Bjedov, Ivana, Rogers, Iain, Li, Li, Martinez, Pedro, Khericha, Mobina, Cabecinha, Melissa, Bähler, Jürg and Partridge, Linda 2014. Lithium suppresses Aβ pathology by inhibiting translation in an adult Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 6 (190). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2014.00190
Parallel Profiling of Fission Yeast Deletion Mutants for Proliferation and for Lifespan During Long-Term Quiescence
Sideri, Theodora, Rallis, C., Bitton, Danny A., Lages, Bruno M., Suo, Fang, Rodríguez-López, María, Du, Li-Lin and Bähler, Jürg 2014. Parallel Profiling of Fission Yeast Deletion Mutants for Proliferation and for Lifespan During Long-Term Quiescence. G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics. 5 (1), pp. 145-155. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.114.014415
Increasing extracellular H2O2 produces a bi-phasic response in intracellular H2O2, with peroxiredoxin hyperoxidation only triggered once the cellular H2O2-buffering capacity is overwhelmed
Tomalin, Lewis Elwood, Day, Alison Michelle, Underwood, Zoe Elizabeth, Smith, Graham Robert, Dalle Pezze, Piero, Rallis, C., Patel, Waseema, Dickinson, Bryan Craig, Bähler, Jürg, Brewer, Thomas Francis, Chang, Christopher Joh-Leung, Shanley, Daryl Pierson and Veal, Elizabeth Ann 2016. Increasing extracellular H2O2 produces a bi-phasic response in intracellular H2O2, with peroxiredoxin hyperoxidation only triggered once the cellular H2O2-buffering capacity is overwhelmed. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 95, pp. 333-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.035
Php4 Is a Key Player for Iron Economy in Meiotic and Sporulating Cells
Brault, A., Rallis, C., Normant, V., Garant, J.-M., Bahler, J. and Labbe, S. 2016. Php4 Is a Key Player for Iron Economy in Meiotic and Sporulating Cells. G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics. 6 (10), pp. 3077-3095. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.116.031898
Transient structural variations have strong effects on quantitative traits and reproductive isolation in fission yeast
Jeffares, Daniel C., Jolly, Clemency, Hoti, Mimoza, Speed, Doug, Shaw, Liam, Rallis, C., Balloux, Francois, Dessimoz, Christophe, Bähler, Jürg and Sedlazeck, Fritz J. 2017. Transient structural variations have strong effects on quantitative traits and reproductive isolation in fission yeast. Nature Communications. 8, p. 14061. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14061
Long non-coding RNA repertoire and targeting by nuclear exosome, cytoplasmic exonuclease and RNAi in fission yeast
Atkinson, Sophie, Marguerat, Samuel, Bitton, Danny, Bachand, Francois, Rodriguez-Lopez, Maria, Rallis, C., Lemay, Jean-Francois, Cotobal, Cristina, Malecki, Michal, Smialowski, Pawel, Mata, Juan, Korber, Philipp and Bahler, Jurg 2018. Long non-coding RNA repertoire and targeting by nuclear exosome, cytoplasmic exonuclease and RNAi in fission yeast. RNA. 24 (9), pp. 1195-1213. https://doi.org/10.1261/rna.065524.118
Genetic interactions and functional analyses of the fission yeast gsk3 and amk2 single and double mutants defective in TORC1-dependent processes
Rallis, C., Townsend, StJohn and Bähler, Jürg 2017. Genetic interactions and functional analyses of the fission yeast gsk3 and amk2 single and double mutants defective in TORC1-dependent processes. Scientific Reports. 7, p. 44257. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44257
Isolation of the avian homologue of the homeobox gene Mox2 and analysis of its expression pattern in developing somites and limbs
Rallis, C., Stamataki, Despina, Pontikakis, Spyros, Mankoo, Baljinder S and Karagogeos, Domna 2001. Isolation of the avian homologue of the homeobox gene Mox2 and analysis of its expression pattern in developing somites and limbs. Mechanisms of Development. 104 (1-2), pp. 121-124.
Supplementary material for 'Transient structural variations have strong effects on quantitative traits and reproductive isolation in fission yeast'
Jeffares, Daniel C., Jolly, Clemency, Hoti, Mimoza, Speed, Doug, Shaw, Liam, Rallis, Charalampos, Balloux, Francois, Dessimoz, Christophe, Bähler, Jürg and Sedlazeck, Fritz J. 2017. Supplementary material for 'Transient structural variations have strong effects on quantitative traits and reproductive isolation in fission yeast'. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14061
RNA metabolism is the primary target of formamide in vivo
Hoyos-Manchado, Rafael, Reyes-Martín, Félix, Rallis, C., Gamero-Estévez, Enrique, Rodríguez-Gómez, Pablo, Quintero-Blanco, Juan, Bähler, Jürg, Jiménez, Juan and Tallada, Víctor A. 2017. RNA metabolism is the primary target of formamide in vivo. Scientific Reports. 7, p. Art: 15895. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16291-8
Functional and regulatory profiling of energy metabolism in fission yeast
Malecki, Michal, Bitton, Danny A., Rodríguez-López, Maria, Rallis, C., Calavia, Noelia Garcia, Smith, Graeme C. and Bähler, Jürg 2016. Functional and regulatory profiling of energy metabolism in fission yeast. Genome Biology. 17 (240). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-016-1101-2
Widespread exon skipping triggers degradation by nuclear RNA surveillance in fission yeast
Bitton, Danny A., Atkinson, Sophie R., Rallis, C., Smith, Graeme C., Ellis, David A., Chen, Yuan Y.C., Malecki, Michal, Codlin, Sandra, Lemay, Jean-François, Cotobal, Cristina, Bachand, François, Marguerat, Samuel, Mata, Juan and Bähler, Jürg 2015. Widespread exon skipping triggers degradation by nuclear RNA surveillance in fission yeast. Genome Research. 25 (6), pp. 884-896.
A central role for TOR signalling in a yeast model for juvenile CLN3 disease
Bond, Michael, Brown, Rachel, Rallis, C., Bahler, Jurg and Mole, Sara 2015. A central role for TOR signalling in a yeast model for juvenile CLN3 disease. Microbial Cell. 2 (12), pp. 466-480.
Identification of nuclear genes affecting 2-Deoxyglucose resistance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Vishwanatha, Akshay, Rallis, C., Bevkal Subramanyaswamy, Shubha, D'Souza, Cletus Joseph Michael, Bähler, Jürg, Schweingruber, Martin Ernst and Dawes, Ian 2016. Identification of nuclear genes affecting 2-Deoxyglucose resistance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. FEMS Yeast Research. 16 (6), p. fow061. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsyr/fow061
Spotsizer: High-throughput quantitative analysis of microbial growth
Bischof, Leanne, Převorovský, Martin, Rallis, C., Jeffares, Daniel C., Arzhaeva, Yulia and Bähler, Jürg 2016. Spotsizer: High-throughput quantitative analysis of microbial growth. BioTechniques. 61 (4), pp. 191-201. https://doi.org/10.2144/000114459
The genomic and phenotypic diversity of Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Jeffares, Daniel C, Rallis, C., Rieux, Adrien, Speed, Doug, Převorovský, Martin, Mourier, Tobias, Marsellach, Francesc X, Iqbal, Zamin, Lau, Winston, Cheng, Tammy M K, Pracana, Rodrigo, Mülleder, Michael, Lawson, Jonathan L D, Chessel, Anatole, Bala, Sendu, Hellenthal, Garrett, O'Fallon, Brendan, Keane, Thomas, Simpson, Jared T, Bischof, Leanne, Tomiczek, Bartlomiej, Bitton, Danny A, Sideri, Theodora, Codlin, Sandra, Hellberg, Josephine E E U, van Trigt, Laurent, Jeffery, Linda, Li, Juan-Juan, Atkinson, Sophie, Thodberg, Malte, Febrer, Melanie, McLay, Kirsten, Drou, Nizar, Brown, William, Hayles, Jacqueline, Salas, Rafael E Carazo, Ralser, Markus, Maniatis, Nikolas, Balding, David J, Balloux, Francois, Durbin, Richard and Bähler, Jürg 2015. The genomic and phenotypic diversity of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nature Genetics. 47 (3), pp. 235-241.
Cell-based screens and phenomics with fission yeast
Rallis, C. and Bähler, Jürg 2015. Cell-based screens and phenomics with fission yeast. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 51 (2), pp. 86-95. https://doi.org/10.3109/10409238.2015.1103205