An exploratory cross-cultural study of community-based health literacy interventions to promote the mental well-being of disadvantaged and disabled young Africans: a multi-method approach

Article


Sharpe, D., Rajabi, M., Galicia Mesa, L., Hanafiah, A., Obuaku-Igwe, C., Davidson, J. and Chileshe, K. 2024. An exploratory cross-cultural study of community-based health literacy interventions to promote the mental well-being of disadvantaged and disabled young Africans: a multi-method approach. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 15 (Art. 1424836). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1424836
AuthorsSharpe, D., Rajabi, M., Galicia Mesa, L., Hanafiah, A., Obuaku-Igwe, C., Davidson, J. and Chileshe, K.
Abstract

Background: This study explores the impact of community-based health literacy interventions on the health and mental well-being of disadvantaged young Africans in Zambia, Sierra Leone, Rwanda, and South Africa. The pandemic has exacerbated mental health problems amongst children and young people, underscoring the urgent need for equitable access to mental healthcare resources. Emphasizing the importance of equitable access to mental healthcare resources, the research addresses educational and income disparities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly amongst young Africans with disabilities or vulnerabilities.

Methods: The study comprised 1,624 young Africans, of whom 1,592 were surveyed, while 191 later participated in in-depth interviews and focus groups. Additionally, 32 participants exclusively joined focus groups. Participants were recruited to complete the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS), WHO-5 Well-being Index, Pandemic Anxiety Scale (PAS), and Self-rating of Happiness, as well as semi-structured interviews or focus groups.

Results: The findings highlight the significance of tailored health literacy interventions in addressing mental health challenges and promoting well-being in marginalized African communities. In the sample, 43.1% (686) reported to have at least a physical disability or serious health condition and 51.4% (818) had special educational needs (SENs). Mental health scores were significantly lower in participants with two or more physical disabilities and pre-existing mental health problems. Factors significantly associated with poor mental health included poor health literacy, physical disabilities, and pre-existing mental health problems. Four main themes were generated from the thematic analysis: early childhood trajectories and mental illness experiences; positionality, open communication, and mental illness experience; mental illness experience, emotional honesty, and social stratification; and spirituality, cultural beliefs, and mental illness experience.

Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need for context-specific, culturally appropriate health literacy interventions to support the mental health and well-being of young Africans in LMICs. By focusing on the lived experiences of disadvantaged groups, the research contributes to a better understanding of effective strategies for promoting health literacy and addressing health inequalities in African communities during and after health emergencies.

JournalFrontiers in Psychiatry
Journal citation15 (Art. 1424836)
ISSN1664-0640
Year2024
PublisherFrontiers Media
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Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1424836
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Online23 Oct 2024
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Accepted03 Oct 2024
Deposited24 Oct 2024
Copyright holder© 2024 Sharpe, Rajabi, Mesa, Hanafiah, Obuaku-Igwe, Davidson and Chileshe.
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Bergen, Emilia, Davidson, J., Schulz, Anja, Schuhmann, Petya, Johansson, Ada, Santtila, Pekka and Jern, Patrick 2014. The Effects of Using Identity Deception and Suggesting Secrecy on the Outcomes of Adult-Adult and Adult-Child or -Adolescent Online Sexual Interactions. Victims & Offenders. 9 (3), pp. 276-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2013.873750
Cyber safety for adolescent girls: bullying, harassment, sexting, pornography, and solicitation
Smith, Peter K., Thompson, Fran and Davidson, J. 2014. Cyber safety for adolescent girls: bullying, harassment, sexting, pornography, and solicitation. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 26 (5), pp. 360-365. https://doi.org/10.1097/GCO.0000000000000106
The effectiveness and impact of the child protection and criminal justice systems in cases of intrafamilial child sexual abuse
Gekoski, Anna, Horvath, Miranda A.H and Davidson, J. 2016. The effectiveness and impact of the child protection and criminal justice systems in cases of intrafamilial child sexual abuse. Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice. 2 (1), pp. 54-66. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCRPP-06-2015-0023
EU online child safety: what does the literature say?
DeMarco, Jeffrey, Davidson, J., Bifulco, Antonia, Scally, Mia, Cheevers, Carly, Schimmenti, Adriano, Caretti, Vincenzo, Puccia, Angelo, Corbari, Elisa, Schilder, Janneke and Bogaerts, Stefan 2016. EU online child safety: what does the literature say? Crimen et Delictum: International Journal of Criminological and Investigative Sciences. 11 (1), pp. 1-19.
Evaluation of CEOP ThinkUKnow internet safety programme and exploration of young people's internet safety knowledge.
Davidson, J., Martellozzo, Elena and Lorenz, Mia 2009. Evaluation of CEOP ThinkUKnow internet safety programme and exploration of young people's internet safety knowledge. Centre for Abuse & Trauma Studies and Kingston University.
Child abuse & child protection: Contemporary issues in research, policy & practice
Davidson, J. and Bifulco, Antonia 2018. Child abuse & child protection: Contemporary issues in research, policy & practice. Routledge.
“Pork pies and vindaloos”: learning for cosmopolitan citizenship
Sharpe, D. 2018. “Pork pies and vindaloos”: learning for cosmopolitan citizenship. Educational Review. 70 (1), pp. 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2018.1388617
“It’s my diabetes”: Co-production in practice with young people in delivering a ‘perfect' care pathway for diabetes
Sharpe, D., Green, Emma, Harden, A., Freer, Rachelle, Moodambail, Abdul and Towndrow, Steven 2018. “It’s my diabetes”: Co-production in practice with young people in delivering a ‘perfect' care pathway for diabetes. Research for All. 2 (2), pp. 289-303. https://doi.org/10.18546/RFA.02.2.07
Research with Children and Young People
Moules, Tina and Sharpe, D. 2014. Research with Children and Young People. in: Thurston, Chris (ed.) Essential Nursing Care for Children and Young People: Theory, Policy and Practice Routledge.
Young people's involvement in policy research
Sharpe, D. 2014. Young people's involvement in policy research. Children's Geographies. 13 (2), pp. 240-248. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2014.978488
Children and Young People in Social Work
Sharpe, D. and Törrönen, Maritta 2016. Children and Young People in Social Work. in: Törrönen, Maritta, Hänninen, Kaija, Jouttimäki, Päivi, Lehto-Lundén, Tiina, Salovaara, Petra and Veistilä, Minna (ed.) Vastavuoroinen sosiaalityö (Reciprocal Social Work) Gaudeamus. pp. 278-290
Young people in a changing Europe: British youth and Brexit 2016
Henn, Matt and Sharpe, D. 2016. Young people in a changing Europe: British youth and Brexit 2016. in: Jackson, Daniel, Thorsen, Einar and Wring, Dominic (ed.) EU Referendum Analysis 2016: Media, Voters and the Campaign The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community: Bournemouth University. pp. 108-109
RIX Wiki Evaluation Toolkit
Minnion, A., Kwiatkowska, G. and Sharpe, D. 2017. RIX Wiki Evaluation Toolkit. Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London.
Digital dangers and cyber-victimisation: a study of European adolescent online risky behaviour for sexual exploitation
DeMarco, Jeffrey, Cheevers, Carly, Davidson, Julia, Bogaerts, Stefan, Pace, Ugo, Aiken, Mary, Caretti, Vincenzo, Schimmenti, Adriano and Bifulco, Antonia 2017. Digital dangers and cyber-victimisation: a study of European adolescent online risky behaviour for sexual exploitation. Clinical Neuropsychiatry. 14 (1), pp. 104-112.
Promoting young people’s mental health and well-being through participation in the arts: A mixed-methods service evaluation of the Zinc Arts ArtZone programme
Wilson, C. and Sharpe, D. 2017. Promoting young people’s mental health and well-being through participation in the arts: A mixed-methods service evaluation of the Zinc Arts ArtZone programme. Journal of Applied Arts & Health. 8 (1), pp. 39-55. https://doi.org/10.1386/jaah.8.1.39_1
How to Guide: How to develop youth forums in the NHS
Sharpe, D. 2016. How to Guide: How to develop youth forums in the NHS. University of East London.
Enhancing police and industry practice
Davidson, Julia, DeMarco, Jeffrey, Bifulco, Antonia, Bogaerts, Stefan, Caretti, Vincenzo, Aiken, Mary, Chevers, Carly, Corbari, Elisa, Scally, Mia, Schimmenti, Adriano and Puccia, Angelo 2016. Enhancing police and industry practice. Middlesex University.
Youth pathways into cybercrime
Aiken, M., Davidson, J. and Amann, Philippe 2016. Youth pathways into cybercrime. Paladin Capital Group.
The prevalence, nature, and impact of intrafamilial child sexual abuse: findings from a rapid evidence assessment
Gekoski, Anna, Davidson, J. and Horvath, Miranda A. H. 2016. The prevalence, nature, and impact of intrafamilial child sexual abuse: findings from a rapid evidence assessment. Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice. 2 (4), pp. 231-243. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCRPP-05-2016-0008
An examination of Chelmsford’s Night Time Economy: A report for the Safer Chelmsford Partnership commissioned through Chelmsford City Council June 2014
Sharpe, D. 2014. An examination of Chelmsford’s Night Time Economy: A report for the Safer Chelmsford Partnership commissioned through Chelmsford City Council June 2014. Chelmsford City Council.
European democratic politics in crisis?
Henn, Matt and Sharpe, D. 2014. European democratic politics in crisis? So... The School of Social Sciences Magazine. A/W, pp. 6-8.
Independent thinkers and learners: a critical evaluation of the ‘Growing Together Schools Programme’
Sharpe, D. 2014. Independent thinkers and learners: a critical evaluation of the ‘Growing Together Schools Programme’. Pastoral Care in Education. 32 (3), pp. 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2014.940551
'It takes a lot to build trust’. Recognition and Telling: Developing Earlier Routes to Help for Children and Young People
Cossar, J., Brandon, B., Bailey, S., Belderson, P., Biggart, L. and Sharpe, D. 2013. 'It takes a lot to build trust’. Recognition and Telling: Developing Earlier Routes to Help for Children and Young People. Office of the Children’s Commissioner.