In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Corneal Images in health and disease with an emphasis on extracting features and visual signatures for corneal diseases: A review study

Article

Alzubaidi, Rania, Sharif, M., Qahwaji, Rami, Ipson, Stanley and Brahma, Arun 2015. In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Corneal Images in health and disease with an emphasis on extracting features and visual signatures for corneal diseases: A review study. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 100 (1), pp. 41-55. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-306934
AuthorsAlzubaidi, Rania, Sharif, M., Qahwaji, Rami, Ipson, Stanley and Brahma, Arun
Abstract

There is an evolution in the demands of modern ophthalmology from descriptive findings to
assessment of cellular level changes by using in vivo confocal microscopy. Confocal microscopy,
by producing grey-scale images, enables a microstructural insight into the in vivo cornea in both
health and disease, including epithelial changes, stromal degenerative or dystrophic diseases,
endothelial pathologies, and corneal deposits and infections. Ophthalmologists use acquired
confocal corneal images to identify health and disease states and then to diagnose which type of
disease is affecting the cornea. This paper presents the main features of the healthy confocal corneal
layers, and reviews the most common corneal diseases. It identifies the visual signature of each
disease in the affected layer and extracts the main features of this disease in terms of intensity,
certain regular shapes with both their size and diffusion, and some specific region of interest. These
features will lead towards the development of a complete automatic corneal diagnostic system
which predicts abnormalities in the confocal corneal data sets.

Keywordsconfocal microscopy; corneal images; corneal diseases; corneal layers; feature extraction; visual signature
JournalBritish Journal of Ophthalmology
Journal citation100 (1), pp. 41-55
ISSN0007-1161
1468-2079
Year2015
PublisherBMJ Publishing Group
Accepted author manuscript
License
CC BY
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-306934
Web address (URL)https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-306934
Publication dates
Print09 Nov 2015
Publication process dates
Deposited06 Mar 2017
Accepted15 Oct 2015
Copyright information© The Authors
Additional information

The authors express their gratitude to the following publishers: Elsevier, BMJ, Springer, Wiley, Molecular Vision, Nature and the Korean Ophthalmological Society for giving permission to reproduce images published in their journals, which were used in this study.

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Sharif, M., Alsallal, Muna and Herghelegiu, Lucian 2018. An Effective TeleHealth Assistive System to Support Senior Citizen at Home or Care-Homes. IEEE International Conference on Computing, Electronics & Communications Engineering 2018 (iCCECE '18). Southend, UK 16 - 17 Aug 2018 IEEE. pp. 113-117 https://doi.org/10.1109/iCCECOME.2018.8658877
Functional Connectivity Evaluation for Infant EEG Signals based on Artificial Neural Network
Sharif, M., Naeem, U., Islam, S. and Karami, A. 2018. Functional Connectivity Evaluation for Infant EEG Signals based on Artificial Neural Network. Arai, Kohei, Kapoor, Supriya and Bhatia, Rahul (ed.) Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys) 2018. London, UK 06 - 07 Sep 2018 Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01057-7_34
The Application of a Semantic-Based Process Mining Framework on a Learning Process Domain
Okoye, Kingsley, Islam, S., Naeem, U., Sharif, M., Azam, Muhammad Awais and Karami, A. 2018. The Application of a Semantic-Based Process Mining Framework on a Learning Process Domain. Arai, Kohei, Kapoor, Supriya and Bhatia, Rahul (ed.) Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys) 2018. London, UK 06 - 07 Sep 2018 Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01054-6_96
Taskification – Gamification of Tasks
Naeem, U., Islam, S., Sharif, M., Sudakov, Sergey and Azam, Awais 2017. Taskification – Gamification of Tasks. in: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 631-634
SignalSense - Towards Quality Service
Islam, S., Sharif, M., Naeem, U. and Geehan, James 2017. SignalSense - Towards Quality Service. in: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 627-630
CrimeSafe - Helping you stay safe
Islam, S., Naeem, U., Sharif, M. and Dovnarovic, Arnold 2017. CrimeSafe - Helping you stay safe. in: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 642-645
The Future of Enterprise Security with Regards to Mobile Technology and Applications
Tagoe, F. T. and Sharif, M. 2017. The Future of Enterprise Security with Regards to Mobile Technology and Applications. in: Jahankhani, Hamid, Carlile, Alex, Emm, David, Hosseinian-Far, Amin, Brown, Guy, Sexton, Graham and Jamal, Arshad (ed.) Global Security, Safety and Sustainability - The Security Challenges of the Connected World. ICGS3 2017 Proceedings Springer International Publishing.
Actor-Network Theory as a Framework to Analyse Technology Acceptance Model’s External Variables: The Case of Autonomous Vehicles
Seuwou, Patrice, Banissi, Ebad, Ubakanma, George, Sharif, M. and Healey, Ann 2017. Actor-Network Theory as a Framework to Analyse Technology Acceptance Model’s External Variables: The Case of Autonomous Vehicles. in: Jahankhani, Hamid, Carlile, Alex, Emm, David, Hosseinian-Far, Amin, Brown, Guy, Sexton, Graham and Jamal, Arshad (ed.) Global Security, Safety and Sustainability - The Security Challenges of the Connected World. ICGS3 2017 Proceedings Springer International Publishing.
An efficient system for preprocessing confocal corneal images for subsequent analysis
Sharif, M., Qahwaji, Rami, Hayajneh, Sofyan, Ipson, Stanley, Alzubaidi, Rania and Brahma, Arun 2014. An efficient system for preprocessing confocal corneal images for subsequent analysis. in: 2014 14th UK Workshop on Computational Intelligence (UKCI) IEEE.
Artificial Neural Network-Based System for PET Volume Segmentation
Sharif, M., Abbod, Maysam, Amira, Abbes and Zaidi, Habib 2010. Artificial Neural Network-Based System for PET Volume Segmentation. International Journal of Biomedical Imaging. 2010 (105610). https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/105610
Artificial Neural Network-Statistical Approach for PET Volume Analysis and Classification
Sharif, M., Abbod, Maysam, Amira, Abbes and Zaidi, Habib 2012. Artificial Neural Network-Statistical Approach for PET Volume Analysis and Classification. Advances in Fuzzy Systems. 2012 (327861). https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/327861
Machine Learning Optimisation for Realistic 2D and 3D PET-CT Phantom Study
Sharif, M., Abbod, Maysam, Sonoda, Luke I. and Sanghera, Bal 2013. Machine Learning Optimisation for Realistic 2D and 3D PET-CT Phantom Study. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology. 4 (4), pp. 634-649. https://doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2014/5084
Preparation of 2D sequences of corneal images for 3D model building
Elbita, Abdulhakim, Qahwaji, Rami, Ipson, Stanley, Sharif, M. and Ghanchi, Faruque 2015. Preparation of 2D sequences of corneal images for 3D model building. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 114 (2), pp. 194-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2014.01.009
Medical image classification based on artificial intelligence approaches: A practical study on normal and abnormal confocal corneal images
Sharif, M., Qahwaji, R., Ipson, S. and Brahma, A. 2015. Medical image classification based on artificial intelligence approaches: A practical study on normal and abnormal confocal corneal images. Applied Soft Computing. 36 (Nov.), pp. 269-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2015.07.019
An efficient intelligent analysis system for confocal corneal endothelium images
Sharif, M., Qahwaji, R., Shahamatnia, E., Alzubaidi, R., Ipson, S. and Brahma, A. 2015. An efficient intelligent analysis system for confocal corneal endothelium images. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 122 (3), pp. 421-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2015.09.003
A Mutlimodal Approach to Measure the Levels Distraction of Pedestrians using Mobile Sensing
Pizzamiglio, S., Naeem, U., ur Réhman, Shafiq, Sharif, M., Abdalla, H. and Turner, D. 2017. A Mutlimodal Approach to Measure the Levels Distraction of Pedestrians using Mobile Sensing. Procedia Computer Science. 113, pp. 89-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.08.297